Red tea, or black tea, as it is commonly known away from the producing countries, is called "Wakoucha" in Japan, where "Wa" stands for Japan, "kou" for red and "cha" for tea. It's one of the ancient Japanese teas, which began to be cultivated and exported by local craftsmen.
Production of black tea wasn't even for the local population who preferred to drink green tea. It was mainly made for export - to compete with Chinese, Sri Lankan and Indian markets which didn't last long. After 1971 Wakoucha production was almost stopped due to the effect of the Free Trade Agreement, when local tea farmers started to produce only green tea to survive.
Nowadays farmers from different parts of Japan have started to grow neglected tea cultivars specifically for tea connoisseurs and enthusiasts.